(转载)Linux Shell语法速查表（用C语言语法来作对比）

要实现的功能	C 语言编程	Linux Shell 脚本编程
程序 / 脚本的参数传递	int main(int argc , char** argv ) { if (argv != 4) { printf ( “Usage: %s arg1 arg2 arg3”, argv [0] ); return 1; } printf (“arg1:%s/n”,argv[1]); printf (“arg2:%s/n”,argv[2]); printf (“arg3:%s/n”,argv[3]); return 0; }	#!/bin/sh if [ $# -lt 3 ]; then echo "Usage: `basename $0` arg1 arg2 arg3" >&2 exit 1 fi echo "arg1: $1" echo "arg2: $2" echo "arg3: $3" exit 0
int main(int argc , char** argv ) { int i ; for (i =1; i <=argc;i ++) { printf (“arg:%s/n”,argv [i ]); } return 0; }	#!/bin/sh while [ $# -ne 0 ] do echo "arg : $1" shift done
逻辑 / 数值运算	if (d == 0)	if [ "$D" -eq "0" ] ; then
if (d != 0)	if [ "$D" -ne "0" ] ; then
if (d > 0)	if [ "$D" -gt "0" ] ; then
if (d < 0)	if [ "$D" -lt "0" ] ; then
if (d <= 0)	if [ "$D" -le "0" ] ; then
if (d >= 0)	if [ "$D" -ge "0" ] ; then
字符串比较	if (strcmp (str,”abc ”)==0) { }	if [ "$STR" != "abc " ]; then fi
输入和输出	scanf (“%d”,&D );	read D
printf ( “%d”, D);	echo –n $D
printf ( “%d”,D );	echo $D
printf ( “Press any to continue...”); char ch =getchar (); printf ( “/nyou pressed: %c/n”, ch );	#!/bin/sh getchar () { SAVEDTTY=`stty -g` stty cbreak dd if=/dev/tty bs =1 count=1 2> /dev/null stty -cbreak stty $SAVEDTTY } echo -n "Press any key to continue..." CH=`getchar ` echo "" echo "you pressed: $CH"
	read D <&3
程序 / 脚本的控制流程	if (isOK ) { //1 } else if (isOK2) { //2 } else { //3 }	if [ isOK ]; then #1 elif [ isOK2 ]; then #2 else #3 fi
switch (d) { case 1: printf (“you select 1/n”); break; case 2: case 3: printf (“you select 2 or 3/n”); break; default: printf (“error/n”); break; };	case $D in 1) echo "you select 1" ;; 2|3) echo "you select 2 or 3" ;; *) echo "error" ;; esac
for (int loop=1; loop<=5;loop++) { printf ( “%d”, loop); }	for loop in 1 2 3 4 5 do echo $loop done
do { sleep(5); } while( !isRoot );	IS_ROOT=`who | grep root` until [ "$IS_ROOT" ] do sleep 5 done
counter=0; while( counter < 5 ) { printf ( “%d/n”, counter); counter++; }	COUNTER=0 while [ $COUNTER -lt 5 ] do echo $COUNTER COUNTER=`expr $COUNTER + 1` done
while (1) { }	while : do done
break;	break 或 break n ， n 表示跳出 n 级循环
continue;	continue
函数与过程的定义	void hello() { printf ( “hello/n” ); } … // 函数调用 hello();	hello() { Echo “hello” } 或者 function hello() { Echo “hello” } … # 函数调用 hello
函数的参数和返回值	int ret = doIt (); if (ret == 0) { printf ( “OK/n” ); }	doIt if [ “$?” –eq 0 ] ; then echo “OK” fi 或者 RET = doIt if [ “$RET” –eq “0” ] ; then echo “OK” fi
int sum(int a,int b) { return a+b ; } int s = sum(1,2); printf (“the sum is: %d/n”, s);	sum() { echo -n "`expr $1 + $2`" } S=`sum 1 2` echo "the sum is: $S"
bool isOK () { return false; } if (isOK ) { printf ( “YES/n” ); } else { printf ( “NO/n” ); }	isOK () { return 1; } if isOK ; then echo "YES" else echo "NO" fi